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triatomic hydrogen
Triatomic hydrogen or H3 is an unstable triatomic molecule containing only hydrogen. Since this molecule contains only three atoms of hydrogen it is the simplest triatomic molecule and it is relatively simple to numerically solve the quantum mechanics description of the particles. Being unstable the molecule breaks up in under a millionth of a second. Its fleeting lifetime makes it rare, but it is quite commonly formed and destroyed in the universe thanks to the commonness of the trihydrogen cation. The infrared spectrum of H3 due to vibration and rotation is very similar to that of the ion, H3+. In the early universe this ability to emit infrared light allowed the primordial hydrogen and helium gas to cool down so as to form stars.
==Formation==
The neutral molecule can be formed in a low pressure gas discharge tube.
A neutral beam of H3 can be formed from a beam of H3+ ions passing through gaseous potassium, which donates an electron to the ion, forming K+.〔 Other gaseous alkali metals, such as caesium, can also be used to donate electrons. H3+ ions can be made in a duoplasmatron where an electric discharge passed through low pressure molecular hydrogen. This causes some H2 to become H2+. Then H2 + H2+ → H3+ + H. The reaction is exothermic with an energy of 1.7eV, so the ions produced are hot with much vibrational energy. These can cool down via collisions with cooler gas if the pressure is high enough. This is significant because strongly vibrating ions produce strongly vibrating neutral molecules when neutralised according to the Franck–Condon principle.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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